Orthognathic surgery, commonly known as jaw surgery, is a surgical procedure performed when a patient's jaw does not align correctly or when their teeth fail to fit together properly with the jaws. While orthodontics primarily focuses on straightening the teeth, orthognathic surgery repositions misaligned jaws. This surgical intervention not only enhances facial aesthetics but also ensures proper alignment of teeth without compromising their functionality.
Orthognathic surgery is performed for several reasons, primarily to improve a patient's health and enhance the external appearance of the jaw. Various symptoms and conditions indicate the need for corrective jaw surgery. These symptoms include difficulty with chewing, chronic jaw pain, and swallowing problems.
These symptoms can lead to a range of health issues, including headaches and persistent mouth breathing, which may result in sleep apnea. Additionally, issues like misalignment between the upper and lower sets of teeth, especially during mouth closure, and difficulty closing the lips without strain or pain are also indicators that corrective jaw surgery may be necessary.
Candidates for orthognathic surgery typically include individuals with improper bites, sleep apnea, and those with facial imbalances. Incorrect jaw positions also make individuals eligible for jaw correction surgery. As individuals grow, their jaws develop and position themselves. However, the rate and pattern of jaw growth can vary from person to person, leading to differences in jaw alignment.
These discrepancies in growth rates can result in various problems, affecting normal functioning, speech coordination, and chewing. They may also lead to imbalances in facial appearances, negatively impacting a patient's overall look. Congenital disabilities can also contribute to jaw misalignment, necessitating corrective surgery.
The history of orthodontic treatment plays a crucial role in determining the need for orthognathic surgery. Orthodontists often employ corrective measures to address mild dentofacial defects. However, in moderate and advanced cases, patients may continue to grow and eventually realize that there are underlying issues with their facial profile.
After undergoing corrective jaw surgery, patients may experience a range of adverse effects, including discomfort, swelling, infection, bleeding, nausea, and vomiting.
Patients typically have follow-up appointments at our hospital within the first 10 days after surgery. Radiographers play a key role in this process. Dr. Guru personally attends to each patient 3-4 times during the initial month after surgery. These appointments continue until he is satisfied that the patient can transition to post-surgical orthodontic treatment.
For the first 6 weeks following surgery, patients are advised to adhere strictly to a liquid diet. After this period, they can gradually transition to soft foods during the next 6 weeks. After a total of 12 weeks, patients can resume their normal dietary habits.
Typically, it takes around 5-6 months for bones to fully heal after surgery. During this period, patients are advised to limit their interactions with the public. In the first week, movement should be restricted to the home environment due to lightheadedness. The body also needs a few days to replenish the blood lost during surgery.
Patients are encouraged to keep their heads elevated at a 30-degree angle during this recovery period. Applying periodic ice to the face can provide additional comfort. In the second and third weeks post-surgery, movement should be limited to a maximum of 1 mile.